Abstract:
Between 1980 and 2009, marine macronutrient concentrations (silicate, Si(OH)4-Si; phosphate, PO4-P; nitrate, NO3-N; ammonium, NH4-N; and nitrite, NO2-N) and concurrent temperature and salinity were measured by British Antarctic Survey researchers as part of an integrated ecosystem investigation. Areas sampled included South Georgia and the wider Scotia Sea, around the Antarctic Peninsula, and in the Bellingshausen Sea. The data were collected from aboard the RRS John Biscoe or the RRS James Clark Ross during all months of the year with the exceptions of May and June. Samples were collected from CTD water bottles (vertical profiles) to maximum depth of 5400 m, and by monitoring continuously the ship's non-toxic seawater supply (intake at 6 - 7 m) while the vessel was transecting. Analyses were performed immediately aboard ship and logged to computer while full data analysis was performed post-cruise using custom written software programmes.
The data collection was enabled through Natural Environment Research Council National Capability funding to the British Antarctic Survey. This was organised through a series of BAS programmes including the Offshore Biological Research programme, the DYNAMOE programme and the ECOSYSTEMS programme. Data creation was facilitated through a combination of NERC funding for Antarctic Logistics and Infrastructure (ALI) Science and the NERC Science Multi-Centre Round 2 (NCSM2) programme BIOPOLE (NE/W004933/1).
Keywords:
Ammonium, Antarctic, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Silicate, South Georgia, Southern Ocean
Whitehouse, M., Hendry, K., Tarling, G., Thorpe, S., & ten Hoopen, P. (2022). Macronutrient, temperature and salinity measurements made around the island of South Georgia and the wider Scotia Sea, the Antarctic Peninsula, and in the Bellingshausen Sea between 1980 and 2009 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/4014370f-8eb2-492b-a5f3-6dc68bf12c1e
| Access Constraints: | None. |
|---|---|
| Use Constraints: | Data released under Open Government Licence V3.0: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ |
| Creation Date: | 2022-06-27 |
|---|---|
| Dataset Progress: | Complete |
| Dataset Language: | English |
| ISO Topic Categories: |
|
| Parameters: |
|
| Personnel: | |
| Name | UK PDC |
| Role(s) | Metadata Author |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Mr Michael J Whitehouse |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Dr Katharine R Hendry |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Prof Geraint A Tarling |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Dr Sally E Thorpe |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Dr Petra ten Hoopen |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Parent Dataset: | N/A |
| Reference: | Whitehouse, M. J., Hendry, K. R., Tarling, G. A., Thorpe, S. E., and ten Hoopen, P. (2023) A database of marine macronutrient, temperature and salinity measurements made around the highly productive island of South Georgia, the Scotia Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula between 1980 and 2009, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 211-224, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-211-2023. Atkinson A, Whitehouse MJ, Priddle J, Cripps GC, Ward P, Brandon MA (2001) South Georgia, Antarctica: a productive, cold water, pelagic ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series 216: 279 308, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps216279. Korb RE, Whitehouse MJ, Thorpe SE, Gordon M (2005) Primary production across the Scotia Sea in relation to the physico-chemical environment. Journal of Marine Systems, 57: 231-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.04.009 Korb R, Whitehouse M (2004) Contrasting primary production regimes around South Georgia, Southern Ocean: large blooms versus high nutrient, low chlorophyll waters. Deep-Sea Research I, 51: 721-738, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.02.006. Whitehouse MJ, Korb RE, Atkinson A, Thorpe SE, Gordon M (2008) Formation, transport and decay of an intense phytoplankton bloom within the High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll belt of the Southern Ocean. Journal of Marine Systems, 70:150-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.05.003. Whitehouse MJ, Priddle J, Brandon MA (2000) Chlorophyll/nutrient characteristics in the water-masses to the north of South Georgia, Southern Ocean. Polar Biology, 23: 373-382, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050458. Whitehouse MJ, Priddle J, Brandon MA, Swanson C (1999) A comparison of chlorophyll/nutrient dynamics at two survey sites near South Georgia, and the potential role of planktonic nitrogen recycled by land-based predators. Limnology and Oceanography, 44: 1498-1508, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.6.1498. Whitehouse MJ, Priddle J, Symon C (1996) Seasonal and annual change in seawater temperature, salinity, nutrient and chlorophyll a distributions around South Georgia, South Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research, 43: 425-443, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(96)00020-9. Whitehouse MJ, Priddle J, Trathan PN, Brandon MA (1996) Substantial open-ocean phytoplankton blooms to the north of South Georgia, South Atlantic, during summer 1994. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 140: 187-197, https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/140/m140p187.pdf. Whitehouse MJ, Atkinson A, Ward P, Korb RE, Rothery P, Fielding S (2009) The role of krill versus bottom-up factors in controlling phytoplankton biomass in the northern Antarctic waters of South Georgia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 393: 69-82, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08288. Whitehouse MJ, Atkinson A, Korb RE, Venables HJ, Pond DW, Gordon M (2012) Substantial primary production in the land-remote region of the central and northern Scotia Sea. Deep-Sea Research II, 59-60: 47-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.05.010. The full reference list can be found in the document REFERENCE_LIST.txt and accessed via the GET DATA link on this page. |
|
|---|---|---|
| Quality: | Archived underway nutrient data were compiled with ship, cruise number, geographic location, and, for cruises JR161, JR177 and JR200, temperature and salinity. Each timestamp was reformatted as a date vector, a serial date number, and a datetime string (DD-MMM-YYYY hh:mm:ss). The serial date numbers were ordered temporally, converted into a datetime string (DD-MMM-YYYYThh:mm:ssZ), and converted to a table with minute intervals and corresponding arithmetic means of concentrations of each nutrient, temperature and salinity. Profile nutrient data were compiled with ship, cruise number, event number, geographic location and depth. Temperature and salinity data were extracted and matched with profile nutrient data from each cruise using latitude and depth as primary selector variables, with event numbers and timestamps used as secondary checks. Timestamps associated with the start and end of the CTD casts were saved in the format DD-MMM-YYYYThh:mm:ssZ. | |
| Lineage: | All data were collected from the RRS John Biscoe (cruises JB3, JB4, JB5, JB6, JB8, JB10) between November 1981 and February 1990, or the RRS James Clark Ross (cruises JR2, JR6, JR11, JR17, JR25, JR28, JR38, JR57, JR70, JR82, JR116, JR161, JR177, JR200) between November 1992 and April 2009. Chemical analysis was undertaken aboard ship using a Segmented-Flow Analyser and data analysis was performed post-cruise. All methods (including statistical analysis) are detailed in the following papers: Korb RE, Whitehouse M (2004) Contrasting primary production regimes around South Georgia, Southern Ocean: large blooms versus high nutrient, low chlorophyll waters. Deep-Sea Res I 51: 721-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.02.006. Korb RE, Whitehouse MJ, Ward P, Gordon M, Venables HJ, Poulton AJ (2012) Regional and seasonal differences in microplankton biomass, productivity. And structure across the Scotia Sea: implications for the export of Biogenic carbon. Deep-Sea Res II 59-60: 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.06.006. Morris AW, Howland RJM, Bale AJ (1978) A filtration unit for use with continuous autoanalytical systems applied to highly turbid waters. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 6: 105-109. Whitehouse MJ (1997) Automated seawater nutrient chemistry. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, 14 pp. Whitehouse MJ, M Preston (1997) A flexible computer-based technique for the analysis of data from a sea-going nutrient autoanalyser. Analytica Chimica Acta, 345: 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00630-7. Whitehouse MJ, VR Woodley (1987) Automated Seawater Nutrient Analysis. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, 41 pp. Woodley VR (1989) A User-Friendly Software Interface for a Program Using a Digitizer in Automated Seawater Nutrient Analysis. University of Cambridge Diploma in Computer Science. Coincident temperature and salinity data were collected either through the ship's underway Oceanlogger system or from vertical profiles using a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensor. Samples for vertical profiles were collected from water bottles attached to a CTD rosette while samples for horizontal transects were collected from the ship's non-toxic seawater supply with an intake depth about 6 - 7 m. Chemical analyses were undertaken using a custom-built Segmented-Flow Analyser initially based on Chemlab colorimeters and Ismatec proportioning pumps until 1993 when Technicon colorimeters were adopted. Initially, data were logged to paper chart and processed manually but in the mid-1980s, data extraction was automated and processing was managed with a digitising tablet and associated PC. In 1993 as part of a comprehensive re-build, data were logged to a PC. Data acquisition and subsequent processing was achieved with custom-built software (BAS in-house and Cambridge Beacon Ltd) and this was updated further in the mid-1990s when National Instrument data acquisition programmes were used to collect data, and calibration along with data organisation were switched to commercially available spreadsheets. Data collected during transecting were logged along with a time-stamp acquired from the central ship's clock to allow synchronisation with concurrent measurements such as temperature and salinity from the ship's Oceanlogger system. A conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor was used to determine vertical profiles of temperature and salinity at each station. Further details of the data processing and calibration of the salinity data, where undertaken, are available in the cruise reports. Where available, temperature and salinity from the respective water bottle firings on the upcast of the profile have been matched to the nutrient data. Where these data were not available, measurements from the depth of the bottle firing (± 2 m) on the downcast of the CTD were used instead. Cruise reports are available for most of the cruises during which the current data were collected. They provide further details such as survey design and contemporaneously collected datasets along with additional data management details e.g. CTD data processing. Cruise reports are listed in chronological order: Heywood, R. B.: RRS John Biscoe Cruise JB04: Offshore Biological Programme, BODC Cruise Inventory, 32 pp., https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/john_biscoe4_83.pdf, 1983. Priddle, J.: RRS John Biscoe Cruise JB08: South Georgia and Bransfield Strait Marine Biology, BODC Cruise Inventory, 52 pp., https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/john_biscoe08.pdf, 1988. Watkins, J. L. and Priddle, J.: RRS John Biscoe Cruise JB10: South Georgia Marine Biology, BODC Cruise Inventory, 12 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/john_biscoe10_90leg1_2.pdf, 1990. Owens, N. J. P.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR02: Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Study, BODC Cruise Inventory, 245 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr02_92.pdf, 1992. White, M.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR06: South Georgia and South Orkneys Marine Biology (Predator/Prey cruise), BODC Cruise Inventory, 218 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr06.pdf, 1994. Priddle, J. and Swanson, C.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR11: Marine Life Sciences Pelagic Ecosystem Studies, BAS Cruise Archive, 46 pp, 1996. Priddle, J.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR17: BAS Marine Life Sciences, BAS Cruise Archive, 44 pp, 1996. Priddle, J.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR25: Spring Processes, BAS Cruise Archive, 116 pp, 1997. Murphy, E. J.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR28: Variability of the South Georgia Marine Ecosystem, BODC Cruise Inventory, 160 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr028.pdf, 1998. Everson, I.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR38: Variability of the South Georgia Marine Ecosystem, BODC Cruise Inventory, 55 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr38.pdf. 1999. Ward, P.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR57: Variability in the Southern Ocean, BODC Cruise Inventory, 77 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr57.pdf, 2001. Ward, P.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR70: Flux and Marine Production Experiment, BODC Cruise Inventory, 155 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr70.pdf, 2002. Atkinson, A.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR82: Large scale distribution in the Scotia Sea, BODC Cruise Inventory, 164 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr82.pdf, 2003. Ward, P.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR116: A study of community structure and production along the southern shelf of South Georgia and links with the Georgia Basin, BODC Cruise Inventory, 127 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr116.pdf, 2005. Shreeve, R.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR161: A study of pelagic marine food web interactions and condition factors of zooplankton across the Scotia Sea, BODC Cruise Inventory, 324 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr161.pdf, 2006. Tarling, G.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR177: Life cycles and trophic interactions of the Scotia Sea pelagic community: from ice-edge to Polar Front, BODC Cruise Inventory, 321 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr177.pdf, 2008. Korb, R.: RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR200: Life cycles and trophic interactions of the Scotia Sea pelagic community: from the South Orkneys to the Polar Front, BODC Cruise Inventory, 205 pp, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr200.pdf, 2009. For cruises JR11, JR17 and JR25, pdf files can be requested from the Polar Data Centre at PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk. Cruise reports are not available for JB03, JB05 or JB06. |
|
| Temporal Coverage: | |
|---|---|
| Start Date | 1981-11-01 |
| End Date | 2009-04-30 |
| Spatial Coverage: | |
| Latitude | |
| Southernmost | -71 |
| Northernmost | -47 |
| Longitude | |
| Westernmost | -86 |
| Easternmost | -25 |
| Altitude | |
| Min Altitude | N/A |
| Max Altitude | N/A |
| Depth | |
| Min Depth | 0.5 m |
| Max Depth | 5421 m |
| Data Resolution: | |
| Latitude Resolution | N/A |
| Longitude Resolution | N/A |
| Horizontal Resolution Range | N/A |
| Vertical Resolution | 10-50m for profile data |
| Vertical Resolution Range | N/A |
| Temporal Resolution | 1min for underway data |
| Temporal Resolution Range | N/A |
| Location: | |
| Location | Southern Ocean |
| Detailed Location | Atlantic Sector |
| Location | Southern Ocean |
| Detailed Location | South Georgia |
| Location | Southern Ocean |
| Detailed Location | Weddell Sea |
| Location | Southern Ocean |
| Detailed Location | Scotia Sea |
| Location | Southern Ocean |
| Detailed Location | Bellingshausen Sea |
| Location | Southern Ocean |
| Detailed Location | Bransfield Strait |
| Data Storage: | Both the the profile data and underway data are available in the NetCDF and CSV format. We also provide REFERENCE_LIST.txt and a xcsv header enabling to generate extended CSV (XCSV) files. |
|---|